Debt Claims: Articles

The 6th Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation is strengthening the economic basket method while other chambers look for concrete damage. The 2025-2026 shift in case law and litigation strategy.

What is excess damage (munzam zarar)? Its conditions under TCO Article 122, burden of proof, calculation, expert examination, limitation period and litigation, with current case law.

Standards for working on commercial disputes, from the review of facts and documents to claims, defenses, interim protection and enforcement after judgment.

Assessing the contract, delivery, objection, commercial book, e-invoice, return and payment records in an invoice claim together, from the standpoint of both creditor and debtor.

In a limited liability company, share transfer, withdrawal, removal and exit payment are not the same institution. This guide examines the correct route of action, proof, the current mediation risk and the calculation of real value.

A guide to the scope of the court-appointed expert's task, the conditions of a reviewable report and the judge's duty to give reasons, with the legislation, case law and concrete tools of objection.

Unpaid progress payments of contractors and subcontractors, additional work, security, the final account, identifying the debtor and actions for payment.

Start of default on an unexecuted fund redemption instruction, current interest, credit costs and excessive loss; required records, proof and routes of recourse.

Another person’s subscription, the consumer group, power increases, the 15-day warning, and the documents and legal routes to examine when objecting to an irregular electricity charge.

A guide to detection, calculation and lawsuits for irrigation hours in farming, State Hydraulic Works documents, hotel seasons, industrial shifts, construction-site subscriptions and solar plants operated before acceptance.

A comprehensive legal guide to the difference between unauthorized and irregular electricity use, the detection record, calculation of the charge, objection periods, litigation, disconnection and criminal liability.

A detailed checklist for the unauthorized electricity use report, photographs and video, meter examination, OSOS data, the burden of proof and objecting to an expert report.

The unauthorized electricity offense under TCK 163/3, the perpetrator and intent, technical defense, breaking a seal, effective repentance, payment of damages and the effects of a conviction.

A guide to preventing disconnection, objecting to an enforcement payment order, interim measures in a negative declaratory action, security, life-support devices and compensation for wrongful disconnection.

Objection to the company, enforcement objection, negative declaratory action, refund, arbitration committee and mediation in an unauthorized electricity dispute.

Liability of the subscriber, tenant, owner, heirs and company for an unauthorized electricity use debt; a document guide on prior debt, subscription closure, transfer and recourse.

How are the period, power, hours, tariff, two-fold rate, repetition coefficient, deduction, interest and VAT audited in an unauthorized electricity calculation?

How are taking electricity from a neighbor, a submeter, consumption in common areas, and subscription, measurement, management decisions and cost sharing for home vehicle charging assessed?

How is a loan made by a shareholder to the company recovered? The shareholders' current account, the line between capital and loans, the six-week period, limitation, mediation and collection routes.

How are a deceased person's claims collected? A guide to the heirs' lawsuits and enforcement proceedings, limitation periods, representation and Court of Cassation decisions.