Custody and Personal Contact: Articles

For parents connected with different countries, the child arrangement requires clear provisions, from the school calendar to the handing over of the passport, from important decisions to transport costs. This guide addresses, with concrete examples, the main elements of a protocol that takes into account court supervision and the need for enforcement in the other country.

A foreign custody decision can be re-regulated in Türkiye if jurisdiction exists and the child's current interests allow. The conditions for recognition, modification, urgent protection and return must be kept apart.

The type of custody decision changes the court to be applied to and the time limit. This guide explains the divorce judgment and a stand-alone change of custody, the UETS notification calculation, interim measure requests and complaints against child handover procedures, with concrete examples and verified Court of Cassation decisions.

In allegations of violence and neglect, the child's safety requires custody, personal contact and protective measures to be assessed together. The routes under Law No. 6284, the Turkish Civil Code and the Child Protection Law, supervised contact, application documents and time limits are explained through a concrete example and two full-text judicial decisions.

Recognition, enforceability and actual enforcement of a Turkish order in the destination country; the required documents and the distinction between the available routes.

Jurisdiction, habitual residence and applicable law in Turkish–foreign marriages, with two foreign parents, and for Turkish families living abroad.

Applying to the Judicial Support and Victim Services Directorate, handover orders, the 48-hour notice and the distinct complaint routes.

A workable parenting plan for school, health, place of residence and expenses in joint custody; the court’s assessment and the limits of the decisions.

Why do being right, fault and proof differ in divorce cases? The lawfulness of digital evidence, interference by the family of origin, economic abuse and recent case law.

In which situations is custody removed and restored? Protective measures, guardianship, the curator for representation and the application process, with Court of Cassation decisions.

Under what conditions can a change of custody be sought? New living arrangements, care, evidence, the court process and legal remedies, with Court of Cassation decisions.

How is a social investigation report prepared in custody? Expert interview, home assessment, incomplete reports and the objection period, explained with Court of Cassation decisions.

How is a child’s care arranged if the custodial parent dies, falls ill or is imprisoned? The distinctions between custody, guardianship and interim measures.

How are witnesses, school and health records, WhatsApp and social media assessed in a custody lawsuit? A guide to lawful evidence and Court of Cassation decisions.

At what age is a child heard in a custody lawsuit? The effect of the child’s preference on the decision, the expert interview and claims of coaching, addressed with a Court of Cassation decision.

The child’s best interests, the competent court, evidence, interim orders and the litigation process in a custody lawsuit. A comprehensive guide with Court of Cassation decisions.

How is interim custody arranged during divorce or while living apart? The request, evidence, personal contact, maintenance and routes of challenge against the decision.

Custody of a child born out of wedlock, recognition by the father, the mother's inability to provide care, personal contact and maintenance distinguished. A guide with court decisions.

What happens when a child does not want to see a parent? A guide to reasons, safety, evidence, expert reports and personal contact decisions.

Who is given custody? Learn how age, actual care, income, work schedule and the child’s views are assessed, in light of Court of Cassation decisions favoring both mothers and fathers.