International Legal Coordination

Multi-Country File and Legal Connection Map

Parties, group companies, citizenships, places of residence, assets, places of signature and performance, relevant authorities and existing contracts are mapped by country. The effect of each connection on jurisdiction, applicable law, documents or the transaction calendar is shown as a separate work package.

Country, Authority and Responsibility Matrix

The counsel, notary, translator, tax or technical team that will act in each country and the company unit that will decide are identified. Responsible, approving, consulted and informed persons are separated in a written matrix.

Multi-Country Calendar, Time Limit and Dependency Management

Statutes of limitations, preclusive periods, lawsuit, objection, meeting, signature, notary, certification, payment and closing dates are recorded by country. The effect of a delay in one country on other work packages and an alternative order of steps are made visible.

Coordination of Legal Opinions Across Multiple Jurisdictions

A joint summary of facts and a country-by-country set of questions are prepared; foreign counsel are prevented from using the same concepts in different senses. Opinions are consolidated with their date, source, assumptions and limitations; differences between opinions are explained in a decision note.

Content of Foreign Law and Confirmation That It Is Current

The opinion on foreign law is obtained from authorized local counsel, and the date of amendment and official sources are indicated. An internet summary or an earlier file text is not used in place of a current foreign-law opinion.

In a dispute with a foreign element heard in Türkiye, under Article 2 of Law No. 5718 the judge applies the competent foreign law ex officio; the judge may ask the parties for assistance in determining its content. A foreign counsel’s opinion does not remove this duty of the court. The situation in which the content cannot be determined despite research is regulated separately in the law.

Legal basis: 1

Principal Advisory on Turkish Law and File Management

Contract, company, lawsuit, data, license and enforcement topics relating to Turkish law are handled in a single work plan. By examining the effect of opinions from foreign countries on the objective in Türkiye, an integrated outcome note is prepared for management or the individual.

Selection of Foreign Counsel and Authority Check

Suitable foreign counsel candidates are evaluated on the basis of the relevant country, jurisdiction, type of transaction, language and professional authority. Professional registration, scope of assignment, independence and whether the engagement is direct or coordinated are explained.

Conflict Check, Engagement and Fee Scope

The minimum party information needed for the foreign counsel’s conflict check is shared securely. The job description, excluded work, delivery date, report language, fee, expenses, invoicing and the method of amendment are clarified in writing.

Legal basis: 2

Multilingual Reporting, Decision and Transaction Record

Country opinions are turned into a regular report in the form of a joint summary, open matters, time limits, responsible persons, financial status and matters awaiting a decision. Translation is separated from legal opinion; each conclusion is shown with its source and the date it was checked.

Decisions made by telephone or in meetings are confirmed with a short written note; interpretation of the same instruction in different ways by different counsel is prevented.

File Closing, Termination of Authority and Archive Plan

When the transaction or dispute is completed, the foreign counsel’s files, powers of attorney, access accounts, original documents, retention periods and continuing obligations are reviewed. Destruction, return, archive, subsequent notifications and a lessons-learned note are completed with a written closing list.

Legal basis: 2, 6

Coordination of Applicable Law, Court Jurisdiction and Arbitration Clauses

The choice of law, court jurisdiction, arbitration, service of documents and language clauses in the contract are reviewed together. The validity of the clauses in the selected countries and the consequence a decision will have where it is to be enforced are confirmed with foreign counsel.

Cross-Border Contract Drafting and Review Process

The country annexes and mandatory provisions of a sales, distribution, services, license, technology, supply or joint venture agreement are coordinated. Which of a single text, a bilingual text or a main-agreement-and-local-annex structure is suitable is determined.

Conflicts between provisions in versions in different languages, country-specific mandatory regulation, the scope of an intellectual property license and which text will prevail are clarified. The main work within the scope of contract review can be determined separately from the coordination assignment.

Coordination of International Commercial Negotiations

Changes from the parties’ legal, tax, finance, operations and regulatory teams are collected in a single negotiation list. Open issues are tracked together with the decision-maker, commercial impact and legal options.

Legal basis: 1, 8

Cross-Border Corporate Governance and Group Company Transactions

The decision, authority, reporting and internal approval structure of the parent company, affiliated companies, branches and representative offices is separated by country. Completion of board of directors, general assembly, signature and power of attorney transactions on a joint calendar is coordinated.

Overseas Company, Branch and Liaison Office Transactions

Before formation or closure, the purpose, activity, capital, shareholders, managers, licenses, tax and employment topics are planned with local counsel and other authorized professionals. Company decisions in Türkiye and registration requirements in the foreign country are placed in a compatible order.

Share and Asset Transfer and Closing Management

In the cross-border transfer of shares, a business, a contract, an intellectual property right or another asset, preconditions, signature authorities, deliveries, payment and registrations are tied to a closing list. In which country and in what form documents will be signed is verified in advance.

Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions Implementation Coordination

Legal due diligence, competition clearance, foreign investment control, corporate decisions, financing, data and employee transfer topics are matched with the relevant practice areas. This service manages the multi-country implementation plan without repeating the primary review of the merger and acquisition.

Foreign Investment Process Coordination

The company, contract, real estate, financing, incentive, permit, tax and profit transfer dimensions of the investment are separated by country. Work on investment law in Türkiye and the investor’s approval and reporting needs in its own country are tracked on the same calendar.

Legal basis: 1

Multi-Country Regulatory Application and Permit Tracking

The competent authorities for sector permits, competition notifications, capital movements, licenses, products, exports or other administrative procedures are identified. Whether approval in one country is a precondition for an application in another is confirmed with the relevant local teams.

Sanctions, Export Control and Sectoral Restriction Coordination

Questions on sanctions, export controls, end users, product classification and sectoral restrictions in the countries party to the transaction are directed to the authorized foreign counsel. The rules applicable in Türkiye are examined separately; a screening result alone is not considered a final legal opinion.

A sanctions list screening is not sufficient without examining the person’s ownership and control structure and the end use of the product. The legal applicability of a foreign regulation and the bank’s transaction acceptance policy are assessed separately; no transaction model aimed at circumventing restrictions is built.

Know Your Customer (KYC), Ultimate Beneficial Owner and Corporate Records Package

The identity of the parties, ownership and control structure, signature authority and current registry records are compiled to the limited extent required for the transaction. Certification, date and translation formats suitable for requests from different countries or banks are planned for the same record.

Bank, Payment, Security and Escrow Account Documents

The payment route, currency, bank verification, security, conditional payment and escrow account documents are tracked together with the legal closing. The financial institution’s current procedure, authority and data requests are verified by the relevant party.

This service does not mean that the firm is a bank or escrow account provider. The institution authorized to hold the money, the release conditions and the payment instruction are determined separately. For notices of an account change, confirmation through a known independent communication channel and an internal company approval arrangement are recommended.

Tax, Customs and Accounting Coordination

The tax, withholding tax, double taxation, transfer pricing, customs and reporting consequences of the legal structure are handled together with authorized financial advisers (mali müşavir) or tax advisers. The law firm does not provide financial certification or declaration services in place of these regulated professions.

Legal basis: 1, 6

Powers of Attorney to Be Used Abroad

The scope of the power of attorney, special authority, term, revocation, delegation (tevkil), form of signature and the country of use are determined at the outset. For a power of attorney to be issued in Türkiye or sent from abroad to Türkiye, the sequence of notary, consulate, apostille/certification and translation is prepared separately.

Transactions requiring special authority under Article 74 of Law No. 6100 in representation in a lawsuit in Türkiye are assessed separately. A text of authority to be used abroad is not considered complete by translating a sample valid only in Türkiye.

Notary, Apostille, Certification and Consular Procedures

The type of document, the state in which it was issued and the state in which it will be used, the applicability of the Hague Apostille Convention, reservations or objections and any exemption from certification are checked. The competent authority, appointment, annexes and dispatch plan are coordinated.

Sworn and Certified Translation Procedures

The translation language, the translator’s qualification, notary or consular certification, bilingual documents and format requirements are determined so as to be compatible with the target authority. A legal terminology list is prepared and names, company titles, dates and numbers are checked.

Legal basis: 3, 9, 10, 15

Service of Documents Abroad and Procedural Coordination

The addressee’s status, known address, type of document, country, applicable convention, central authority, language, copies and costs are examined. The return of the notification record and its effect on the time limit for filing a lawsuit or objecting are entered in the file calendar.

The 1965 Hague Service Convention is used in civil and commercial matters in which its conditions of application are met; the case in which the addressee’s address is unknown is outside the scope of the Convention. Türkiye has objected to the methods in Article 10. This declaration concerns service in Türkiye; when sending from Türkiye to another country, that country’s declaration and the procedure it accepts are examined.

Obtaining Information and Records from Abroad

It is determined by which route (voluntary, open source, court order or judicial assistance) company, bank, official registry, workplace, communication or other records may be requested. Confidentiality, data protection, professional secrecy and local prohibitions are examined with foreign counsel.

International Letters Rogatory in Civil and Commercial Matters

Where witness or party statements, documents, an on-site examination, an expert or address determination are needed, the applicable convention and state declarations are researched. The scope of the request in the Turkish court file, its translation, its annexes and the route of transmission to the relevant country are prepared.

Under the 1970 Hague Evidence Convention, a request is prepared between competent judicial authorities for evidence to be used in pending or contemplated proceedings. This procedure does not provide a general power of private investigation or unlimited access to foreign bank records. States’ declarations and reservations are also checked separately.

Legal basis: 4, 11, 12, 13

Cross-Border Internal Investigation Coordination

In a review involving employees, managers, devices, correspondence and witnesses in more than one country, the mandate, confidentiality, employment law, data protection and interview rules are determined by country. A joint question plan, record integrity and reporting authority are conducted under a written arrangement.

Transfer of Personal Data Abroad

The data flow, the roles of the transferor and the recipient, the processing condition, adequacy decision, appropriate safeguards, standard contract, binding corporate rules or occasional-transfer conditions are examined. Required notification, technical and administrative measures, onward transfer and retention arrangements are coordinated with data protection work.

Remote access by a recipient located abroad to personal data in Türkiye may also require a transfer assessment. If the standard contract route will be used, the appropriate contract type, the signatories’ authority to sign, and the Turkish text and annexes are checked. The notification period of five business days from completion of the signatures is tracked separately; the standard text is not changed except in the fields open to selection.

Digital Record Review and Digital Forensics Coordination

The country where email, server, cloud, device and transaction records are kept and who can access them are determined. A preservation notice, access authority, data minimization, technical copy, review and secure delivery plan are prepared with the authorized teams.

In the e-discovery process, meaning the locating and review of electronic records within the scope of a dispute, the manner in which evidence was obtained and whether it can be relied on as a basis for judgment are assessed under the relevant procedural rules.

Legal basis: 2, 6, 14, 16

Use and Enforcement of a Foreign Court Judgment

A country-by-country roadmap is prepared for the recognition, enforcement, registration or other use of a foreign judgment in Türkiye or a Turkish judgment in a foreign country. Finality, service of documents, apostille/certification, translation and asset research are assessed together with the relevant practice area.

In recognition in Türkiye, under Article 58 of Law No. 5718 the reciprocity requirement in Article 54/1-a is not required; enforcement is subject to separate conditions. For the registration of certain judgments, such as a foreign divorce, in the population registry, an administrative route may be available under the conditions of Article 27/A of Law No. 5490. An apostille does not replace these procedures. The details are examined under recognition and enforcement.

Coordination of an International Arbitration File

The arbitral institution, seat, language, applicable law, arbitrator, local court support, evidence collection and the countries of enforcement of the award are tracked under a joint plan. The substantive conduct of the arbitration is carried out with our international arbitration work; proceedings under the law of a foreign seat are carried out with authorized local counsel.

Alongside the arbitration agreement and arbitrability, the country where the award will be enforced is examined from the outset. The relationship between applying to a court for interim protection and arbitration is assessed under the relevant rules; international arbitration and enforcement procedures are not regarded as the same stage.

Parallel Proceedings and Forum Strategy

Lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings filed or that may be filed in different countries on the same event are mapped. The effects of lis pendens, res judicata, jurisdictional objection, injunction, service of documents and information sharing are assessed together with the opinion obtained from each country’s counsel.

Legal basis: 1, 7, 8

International Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters

Where a statement, information, record, service of documents or another action is needed in an investigation or prosecution, Law No. 6706, the treaty and the central authority procedure are examined. The request letter, summary of events, legal characterization, time limit and translation arrangement are coordinated with the criminal law work.

Coordination of Extradition, Transfer of Sentenced Persons and Transfer of Criminal Proceedings

In a request for extradition of offenders, transfer of sentenced persons or transfer of criminal proceedings, the person’s status, the decision, the offense, the treaty, the central authority and human rights safeguards are examined. Because these processes have different conditions and authorities from judicial assistance, a separate work plan is created.

Asset Research and Enforcement Coordination Abroad

Company shares, real estate, bank accounts, receivables and other asset types that are known or can be researched are classified by country. Lawful research, interim protection, recognition of the decision and enforcement are coordinated through the authorized foreign counsel.

Related detailed page: International Debt Collection and Cross-Border Enforcement

Cross-Border Interim Legal Protection

In a file involving a risk of diverting assets, loss of records, breach of contract or imminent harm, it is examined in which country, before which court or arbitrator, and what kind of interim measure may be requested. Security, notice, time limit and the connection to the main action are verified by country.

That a court or arbitral decision has been obtained does not show that the same measure will be applied automatically in another country. The law of the target country, the location of the assets, and the security and procedural conditions are examined by the foreign counsel.

Crisis, Raid, Seizure and Urgent Incident Coordination

When there is a simultaneous inspection, search, seizure, data request or regulatory intervention in more than one country, the contact list, local counsel, internal authorized persons, communication and record-preservation steps are activated. Employee instructions are prepared in line with the limits of local criminal, employment and data law.

Legal basis: 3, 5, 8

Cross-Border Employment and Global Mobility

Temporary assignment, intra-company transfer, remote work, work and residence permits, pay, social security and employer obligations are separated with the counsel of the relevant countries. The difference between the place where the employee actually is and the employer record in the contract is examined.

Foreign Real Estate, Inheritance and Personal Transaction Coordination

For real estate, an estate, a bank account, a will, and family or personal-status transactions abroad, the country, competent authority, power of attorney, tax and document requirements are planned with local counsel. The population registry, inheritance, land registry or recognition procedure in Türkiye is conducted as a separate track of the file.

Related detailed pages: Foreign Heirs and International Estate Matters; International Family Law, Divorce and Custody; International Child Abduction and Return of the Child

Legal basis: 1, 7