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INVOICE · ACCOUNT · COMMERCIAL RECORDS

Commercial Books and Account Disputes

From the invoice to the account balance, clarify the basis of the claim and the scope of the objection. Legal support in invoice objections, reconciliation, review of commercial records, pursuit of receivables and defense against a debt.

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THE COMMERCIAL RELATIONSHIP BEHIND THE DOCUMENT

Our Legal Services in Invoice and Account Disputes

In invoice and current account disputes, not only the total balance but the transactions that make up that balance are assessed. For businesses that claim a receivable or object to a debt, we establish the connection between the contract, delivery, payment and records.

  • Objection to an invoice

    Date of receipt, the eight-day period, confirmation letter and proof of delivery.

    Review the invoice objection

  • E-Invoice and e-Archive Invoice

    System response, rejection, cancellation, notification and original electronic records.

    Electronic invoice guide

  • Commercial books and e-Ledger

    Article 222 of the Code of Civil Procedure (HMK), production, berat certificates, counter-records and preservation of evidence.

    Evidentiary value of books

  • Current account and open account

    Account agreement, balance, payment, offsetting, return and interest.

    Compare account types

  • Balance reconciliation

    Signing authority, reservation, period, account confirmation and acknowledgment of debt.

    Reconciliation check

  • Enforcement and commercial litigation

    Collection, objection to the debt, mediation, litigation and international transactions.

    Enforcement and litigation options

Not Every Record Has the Same Legal Effect

INVOICE

Separate the content from performance

Failing to object to an invoice does not, by itself, prove in every case a contract that was never formed or a delivery that did not take place.

ACCOUNT

A statement is not a contract

A current account entry in the accounting records does not replace a written current account agreement. The same objection rule does not apply to every statement.

EVIDENCE

A book entry is subject to conditions

The way the books are kept, counter-records, supporting documents and conduct in producing them are assessed together.

Our Approach in Invoice and Account Files

  1. Relationship and time limits

    The type of contract, the parties, the invoice or balance period and urgent notices are identified.

  2. Transaction matching

    Invoices, deliveries, payments, returns and offsets are compared with their supporting documents.

  3. Claim and defense

    Formal notice (ihtar), negotiation, mediation, enforcement proceedings, litigation and protective routes are assessed.

  4. Handling and information

    Within the agreed scope, the court-appointed expert examination, the proceedings, legal remedies and implementation are followed.

What Becomes Clear at the First Consultation?

The scope of the dispute, missing records, urgent time limits and the legal routes to be considered are identified. Where necessary, the review is coordinated with the records of the financial adviser (mali müşavir). The attorney’s fee and court fees, expert, translation and enforcement costs are explained separately. The consultation is not, by itself, a commitment as to the outcome of a case, collection or a written report.

Which Documents Should You Prepare for the First Consultation?

State the period of the dispute and the items that make a difference. If you do not have all the documents, list what is missing; do not postpone the assessment of time-sensitive documents.

Core file

  • Contract, offer, order and amendments.
  • Invoices; where available, original e-Invoice files and response records.
  • Delivery, acceptance, return and notice of defect documents.
  • Account statement, reconciliation and bank payment records.
  • Formal notice (ihtar), Registered Electronic Mail (KEP), payment order and service documents.

Depending on the file, the books for the relevant period, e-Ledger berat certificates, representation documents and the expert report may also be requested.

Questions About Invoices, Reconciliation and Commercial Records

Is it enough to return the invoice to the accounting department?

An internal procedure within the company is different from an objection delivered to the other party. It must be documented which invoice was objected to, on what ground, and that the notice was received.

I rejected the invoice; does the debt disappear entirely?

No. A rejection or cancellation record does not show that the debt arising from the underlying contract has ended in every case. Delivery, service and payment records are also reviewed.

If an accounting employee signed the reconciliation, is the company bound?

Authority of representation, the content of the document, the practice of the parties and subsequent conduct are assessed together. A company stamp or a corporate e-mail does not by itself show every kind of authority.

If the other party does not produce its commercial books, will I certainly win the case?

No. The consequence of avoiding production is assessed according to the court’s decision, the capacity of the parties and the relevant evidentiary conditions, including Article 222 of the HMK.

Is a partial payment an acknowledgment of the entire balance?

Which debt the payment relates to, the description on the bank receipt (dekont) and other statements matter. An acknowledgment of debt and its effect on the statute of limitations must be reviewed on the basis of the specific records.

Is every invoice receivable heard in a commercial court?

No. The capacity of the parties and the nature of the underlying relationship are decisive. Consumer or other special subject-matter jurisdiction rules and mediation as a condition precedent are checked separately.

How is the balance in the expert report objected to?

A missing or duplicate entry, a wrong period, a payment, a return, and the exchange rate and interest calculation are shown with supporting documents. The service of the report and the time limit for objecting should be assessed without delay.

Are accounting or tax services also within this scope?

This page describes the attorney service for private-law disputes. Accounting records, tax returns and tax advisory work are separate professional services; where necessary, coordination with the relevant professionals is considered.

Commercial Account and Receivable Processes Based in Antalya

Güneş & Güneş Law Firm, founded in Kemer on March 18, 1999, assesses invoice, account and commercial book disputes in all 81 provinces of Türkiye according to the requirements of subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction, evidence and representation. Our physical headquarters has been in Antalya since 2007.

For the accounts of foreign individuals and companies connected with Türkiye, the language of the contract, delivery and payment records, the applicable law and the enforcement of the decision are reviewed together. Where local representation is needed abroad, the scope of coordination with an attorney authorized in that country is determined separately.

Languages of communication: Turkish, English, German and Russian.

Legal Basis

Depending on the nature of the dispute, commercial law, the law of obligations, procedure and the relevant special regulations are assessed together.

FILE-SPECIFIC LEGAL ASSESSMENT

Let us identify the disputed items and the next step.

State the subject of the request, your capacity as a party and, if any, the approaching date in your first communication.

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This content is general information. Information and documents you share are kept confidential and used for legal assessment and within the agreed scope of service. An inquiry alone does not create an attorney–client relationship and does not stop time limits. The legal conditions of the specific matter are reviewed separately.